Explain the difference between objective and subjective data in nursing documentation, with an example of each.

• A. Objective data are observable and measurable; example: BP 120/80.
• B. Subjective data are patient-reported experiences, such as pain level.
• C. Objective data include patient feelings and perceptions.
• D. Subjective data are laboratory results.

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is distinguishing what can be observed and measured versus what the patient reports about their own experience. Objective data are the observable, measurable facts obtained through inspection, exam, and instrumentation. They include things like vital signs, lab values, imaging results, and physical findings such as a wound size or edema. Subjective data are the patient’s own reports of symptoms, feelings, and perceptions, such as pain level, dizziness, nausea, or fatigue. In nursing notes, objective data can be verified by others and are not influenced by personal interpretation, while subjective data rely on the patient’s description.

For the example given, a blood pressure of 120/80 is objective data because it is a numeric measurement obtained with a device. It demonstrates observable, measurable information that can be verified. Describing subjective data would involve the patient saying they feel pain at a certain level or reporting that they feel dizzy. The statement that subjective data are laboratory results is incorrect, and the idea that objective data include patient feelings is also incorrect.