What is an ethical dilemma, and how should it be addressed?

• A. A situation with conflicting ethical principles.
• B. A scenario that involves only legal considerations.
• C. A routine decision with a definite right answer.
• D. A situation with conflicting ethical principles; resolve by applying ethical frameworks, consulting colleagues, and adhering to professional codes.

Answer: (D)

An ethical dilemma arises when competing ethical principles pull you in different directions and there isn’t a single clearly right choice. The best way to address it is to work through a structured reasoning process: identify the conflicting values, apply appropriate ethical frameworks (for example, balancing autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice), consult professional codes of ethics, and discuss the issue with colleagues or an ethics committee. This approach helps you weigh the duties to patients, families, and the profession, and arrive at a decision that is consistent with ethical standards and accountability.

That’s why the best answer isn’t just that there are conflicting principles, or that it’s about legal considerations or a routine problem with a definite answer. An ethical dilemma requires applying frameworks, seeking input, and adhering to professional codes to guide the choice.