Which factor is not typically classified as a social determinant of health?

• A. Genetic makeup.
• B. Access to housing.
• C. Income.
• D. Transportation.

Answer: (A)

Genetic makeup is a biological attribute inherited from parents. Social determinants of health are the external conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that result from social and economic policies and structures. These include access to housing (which affects stability, safety, and environmental exposure), income (which influences ability to afford housing, food, and care), and transportation (which affects access to healthcare, work, and services). Because genetic makeup reflects biology rather than social conditions, it is not typically classified as a social determinant.