Which step in the ethical dilemma process involves identifying potential courses of action?

• A. Collect relevant information.
• B. Clarify values.
• C. Determine possible courses of action.
• D. Evaluate the plan over time.

Answer: (C)

When facing an ethical dilemma, you first gather the facts and then name the principles and values at stake. After that, you generate options—this is the step where you identify potential courses of action. The aim is to brainstorm a broad range of feasible paths, including less obvious or even conflicting options, before judging them. This creates a full menu you can compare against ethical duties, patient preferences, possible harms and benefits, and practical feasibility. Only after laying out all alternatives do you proceed to evaluate them, choose the best course, implement it, and then monitor outcomes.